Citizenship, Power, and Governance: By the end of grade 9, students will be expected to
Analyse the distribution of power and privilege in society and the sources of authority in the lives of citizens
explain the origins and continuing influence of the main principles of Canadian democracy
Culture and Diversity By the end of grade 9, students will be expected to
compare the ways cultures meet human needs and wants
explain how and why perspectives influence the ways in which experiences are interpreted
Individuals, Societies, and Economic Decisions By the end of grade 9, students will be expected to
explain how government policies, expenditures, regulations, and trade agreements influence productivity and living standards
explain how consumer decisions affect economy
Interdependence By the end of grade 9, students will be expected to
explain the complexity that arises from the interdependent nature of relationships among individuals, nations, human organizations, and natural systems
analyse selected issues to illustrate interdependence
People, Place, and Environment By the end of grade 9, students will be expected to
use geographic tools, technologies, representations to interpret pose and answer questions about natural and human systems
analyse ways in which social, political, economic, and cultural systems develop in response to the physical environment
Time, Continuity, and Change By the end of grade 9, students will be expected to
identify and analyse trends that could shape the future
demonstrate an understanding that the interpretation of history reflects perspectives, frames of reference, and biases